Briley_6

1 Ally of the Soviet Union 4 Israel and Egypt 3 israeli Palestinian politics 5 many Arab 6 formed 7 8 State Sponsors of Terrorism 9 Saddam Hussein 10 Donald 11 Reagan Administration 12 bankrupt 13 Saudi Arabia and Kuwait 14 15 16 17 Ottoman Empire's province of Basra 18 al-Sabah Family 19 of the Persian Gulf 20 1963 21 22 naval fleet in the Persian Gulf 23 Kuwait City 24 lost or captured. 25 the airport and 26 of the Emir of Kuwait Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jar Al-Sabah, 27 28 neighboring Saudi Arabia 29 puppet regime known 30 the governor 31 requested a meeting of the UN Security Council 32 aligned itself with Hussein 33 34 35 36 37 38

__** SUMMARIZED ARTICLE **__

‍ Origins
Throughout much of the Cold War, Iraq had been an (** 1 **). The U.S. was concerned with Iraq's position on (** 2 **) politics, its disapproval of the peace between Israel and (** 3 **), and Iraq’s support for Arab and ( **4** ) militant groups. In 1980, the U.S. remained officially neutral during the ( **5** ) war, although it assisted Iraq secretly. In 1982, the U.S. increased its support for Iraq to prevent Iran from forcing Iraq to ( **6** ). To help Iraq succeed in the war against Iran, the U.S. removed Iraq from the list of (** 7 **) and sold arms (weapons) to them. In 1983, Iraqi President ( **8** ) kicked the militant group Abu ( **9** ) out of Iraq and to Syria. U.S. President Reagan sent ( **10** ) to meet with President Hussein.

‍ Tensions with Kuwait
By 1988, Iraq and Iran had agreed to a ceasefire and Iraq was virtually ( **11** ). It owed most of its debt to Saudi Arabia and ( **12** ). Both nations refused to be forced by Iraq to forgive the debts. Iraq also accused Kuwait of hurting the Iraqi economy by driving down the price of oil and exceeding its ( **13** ) quotas. The resulting economic warfare was aggravated by Kuwait slant ( **14** ) across the border into Iraq's Rumaila oil field.

Another problem was that Iraq claimed Kuwait as a territory. Their claim dates back to before Iraq gained independence from the ( **15** ) in 1932. The British had created Kuwait after World War I, but Iraq claimed Kuwait had originally been a part of the ( **16** ) province of Basra. In 1899, its ruling dynasty, the ( **17** ) family, had an agreement with Britain who then drew the border between the two countries, limiting Iraq's access to the ocean so that Britain could still dominate the ( **18** ). Iraq refused to accept the border, and did not recognize the Kuwaiti government until ( **19** ), (64 years later). In July 1990, Iraq openly threatened to take military action against Kuwait. On the 23rd, the CIA reported that Iraq had moved ( **20** ) troops to the Iraq-Kuwait border, and the U.S. ( **21** ) in the Persian Gulf was placed on alert.

‍ Invasion of Kuwait
At midnight on August 2, 1990, Iraq bombed ( **22** ), catching them unaware and cutting them off from the southern half of Kuwait. Twenty percent of the ( **23** ) were lost or captured. Iraqi ( **24** ) seized the airports and two airbases, attacked the Royal Residence of the Emir of Kuwait, ( **25** ), killing the Emir’s youngest brother. After two days of intense combat, most of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces were either overrun by the ( **26** ), or had escaped to neighboring ( **27** ). After the decisive Iraqi victory, Saddam Hussein first installed the ( **28** ), a puppet regime, before installing his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid as ( **29** ).

‍ UN resolution
Within hours of the invasion, Kuwaiti and U.S. delegations met with the UN ( **30** ) and passed a resolution condemning the invasion and demanding a withdrawal of Iraqi troops. Several middle eastern countries opposed military intervention from ( **31** ) nations and aligned with Saddam Hussein. The UN then placed ( **32** ) on Iraq and authorized a naval ( **33** ).

‍ Iraqi-American diplomacy
On August 12, 1990, Saddam Hussein called for compromise, proposing that all cases of ( **34** ) be resolved. This included asking ( **35** ) to withdraw from Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon, ( **36** ) to withdraw from Lebanon, and “mutual withdrawals” by Iraq and ( **37** ). Hussein also called for a replacement of US troops in Saudi Arabia with "an Arab force", as long as that force did not involve ( **38** ). U.S. President Bush strongly opposed any "linkage" between the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and the ( **39** ). Saddam Hussein appeared on state television with Western hostages and told one of them -- a young British boy -- that their presence was meant to prevent the ( **40** ).

An unidentified Iraqi official told to the White House that Iraq would "withdraw from Kuwait and allow foreigners to leave" IF the UN lifted ( **41** ), allowed access to the Persian Gulf, and allowed Iraq to gain full control of the ( **42** ) oil field. The proposal also offered to negotiate an oil agreement with the U.S. jointly work on the stability of the ( **43** ). In December 1990, the White House rejected Iraq’s proposal to withdraw from Kuwait. ( **44** ) of the PLO said that neither he nor Saddam Hussein insisted that solving the Israel-Palestine issues should be a precondition to solving the issues in Kuwait. Ultimately, the U.S. refused to negotiate until Iraq withdrew from Kuwait.

‍ Operation Desert Shield
Acting on the policy of the ( **45** ), and out of fear the Iraqi army could launch an invasion of Saudi Arabia, U.S. President Bush announced that the U.S. would launch a "wholly defensive" mission to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia under the codename ( **46** ). U.S. troops were sent to Saudi Arabia. The U.S. Navy dispatched two naval ( **47** ), and the U.S. Air Force flew bombing missions, dropping ( **48** ) of munitions.